Economy · 24 Jul 2026

India pharmacy of the world generic exports

Consider the following pairs: List I (Item) - List II (Status/Fact) 1. White-bellied heron - Listed critically endangered on IUCN Red List since 2007 2. White-bellied heron - Schedule I species under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 3. Kalai-II project - Located on the Lohit River in Arunachal Pradesh 4. Compensatory afforestation for Kalai-II - Planned entirely within Arunachal Pradesh's Lohit basin How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

AOnly one
BOnly two
CAll three
DNone
About this question

Why in news

US President Trump has announced a tiered tariff schedule on generic drug imports - 100% from August 2028, rising to 200% from August 2029 - directly threatening India's largest pharmaceutical export market.

Why for UPSC

India's "pharmacy of the world" status and its API dependency paradox is a recurring GS3 economy theme, testing whether aspirants can distinguish finished-drug export dominance from upstream supply chain vulnerability.

Prelims summary

India supplies 47% of all US generic prescriptions and sent 37.7% of its 2025 pharma exports ($9.7bn of $25.8bn) to the US, even while remaining dependent on imported APIs for manufacturing.

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