Economy · 31 Jul 2026

REER RBI rupee valuation

With reference to India's exchange rate framework, which one of the following statements is correct?

AREER measures the rupee against the US dollar alone, adjusted for inflation.
BREER measures the rupee against a basket of trading partner currencies, adjusted for inflation differentials.
CThe RBI officially targets a fixed exchange rate band for the rupee under its managed float regime.
DIndia's forex reserves in 2026 cover less than 3 months of imports.

Tests precise conceptual distinction between REER and nominal exchange rate alongside India's stated non-targeting policy stance, rather than simple current-affairs recall.

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About this question

Why in news

RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra called the rupee "undervalued" in both nominal and REER terms even as it depreciated 5.8% year-to-date in 2026, while maintaining the RBI targets no fixed exchange rate.

Why for UPSC

This tests precise conceptual understanding of REER versus nominal exchange rate and India's stated managed float policy, a recurring GS3 monetary economics theme.

Prelims summary

REER measures the rupee against a currency basket adjusted for inflation; the RBI follows a managed float with no fixed target rate and India's import cover stands at roughly 11 months.

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