Polity · 2 Aug 2026

Puttaswamy judgment

The landmark Supreme Court judgment that established the right to privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21, along with a proportionality test for state actions restricting it, was delivered in which of the following cases?

AK.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017)
BManeka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)
CShreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015)
DS.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab (2001)

Tests precise case-to-doctrine matching among multiple landmark judgments that could plausibly be confused given their simultaneous presence in current affairs.

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About this question

Why in news

A PIL challenging Delhi Police's use of facial recognition technology at the Jantar Mantar protest crackdown is currently before the Supreme Court, reviving debate on the Puttaswamy-established proportionality standard.

Why for UPSC

UPSC frequently tests correct case-to-doctrine matching among landmark judgments, especially when multiple cases in current affairs (Puttaswamy, Shreya Singhal, S.R. Chaudhuri) could be confused with one another.

Prelims summary

The Puttaswamy judgment (2017) recognised privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 and introduced a proportionality test now central to challenges against state surveillance technologies like facial recognition.

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