Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason (R): Assertion (A): Parliament can validly enact a law that produces a different outcome from a prior Supreme Court judgment on service conditions, even retrospectively. Reason (R): A legislature cannot merely declare a judicial decision invalid or command courts to disregard it; it must genuinely alter the underlying legal basis on which the judgment rested. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Assertion and Reason?
International Relations · 7 Aug 2026
Strait of Hormuz significance
About this question
Why in news
Iran and Oman have finalised a new Strait of Hormuz shipping route giving Tehran oversight over inbound vessels, amid the ongoing 2026 US-Israel-Iran war, raising concerns for India's energy security.
Why for UPSC
Static geography anchored to a live current-affairs trigger is a classic UPSC pattern - testing whether the aspirant retains basic locational and quantitative facts about a strategically vital chokepoint.
Prelims summary
The Strait of Hormuz links the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea via the Gulf of Oman, is flanked by Iran and Oman and carries about one-fifth of global oil shipments.
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