Polity · 13 Aug 2026

National Tribunals Commission chronology

Arrange the following events relating to India's tribunal reform in chronological order:

  1. Tribunals Reforms Ordinance retaining executive control over tribunal appointments
  2. Supreme Court's Rojer Mathew judgment ordering an independent National Tribunals Commission
  3. Madras Bar Association judgment giving government a four-month deadline to establish the NTC
  4. Finance Act narrowing tribunal reforms while retaining executive control
A4-2-1-3
B2-4-1-3
C4-1-2-3
D2-1-4-3
This question is based on: The Judge Who Resigned but Was Still Found Guilty
Take this in full test mode → Instructions for 13 Aug 2026
About this question

Why in news

The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026 emerged directly from the Supreme Court's Madras Bar Association judgment (2025), which set a strict deadline after two prior legislative attempts (2017, 2021) failed to secure genuine tribunal independence as ordered in Rojer Mathew (2019).

Why for UPSC

UPSC Prelims regularly tests the sequencing of judicial-legislative back-and-forth on institutional reform, since getting the order right (not just knowing the events) reveals whether the aspirant understands how the reform actually evolved.

Prelims summary

The tribunal independence saga ran: Finance Act 2017 → Rojer Mathew judgment 2019 → Tribunals Reforms Ordinance 2021 → Madras Bar Association judgment 2025 → Tribunals Reforms Bill 2026.

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