Why in news
PM Modi visited Uzbekistan ahead of the 26th SCO Summit, building direct bilateral trade, energy and connectivity ties in Tashkent before the multilateral Bishkek leg of his trip.
Why for UPSC
SCO institutional facts - membership timelines and constituent bodies like RATS - are classic Prelims fact-anchors that recur whenever a summit puts the organisation back in the news.
Prelims summary
India has been a full SCO member since 2017. The SCO's Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) handles counter-terrorism coordination, particularly Afghanistan-linked concerns, giving India institutional weight in a bloc where China and Russia otherwise dominate the agenda.