Summary
An essay by Pathfinder Foundation founder Milinda Moragoda argues that as countries like Australia move to ban social media for minors, India should resist the same purely regulatory instinct and instead build on its guru-shishya tradition of mentored character formation, since technical bans are trivially circumvented by VPNs and encrypted apps.
WHY IN NEWS FOR UPSC & STATE PCS
The piece arrives as Australia's Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Bill, banning social media for under-16s, is set to take effect in December 2025, intensifying a global debate over whether legal bans can meaningfully protect children from an increasingly AI-driven digital environment.
Standard News
The Ban That Cannot Outrun the Technology It Targets
Australia has banned social media for under-16s. The United Kingdom is weighing similar steps. And every version of this policy shares the same quiet flaw: a determined teenager with a free VPN can be back on the platform in minutes. The angle worth understanding is not whether bans are well-intentioned - they clearly are - but that treating regulation as the whole answer misreads what kind of problem this actually is.
Why the Ban Cannot Win the Race It's Running
Governments are erecting barriers against a technology that gets more sophisticated, more personalised and harder to control every year. VPNs, encrypted apps, alternative platforms and soon AI tools that can impersonate age-verification checks entirely - the contest between regulation and evasion is structurally unequal and it will stay that way.
This is not a reason to abandon regulation; transparency requirements, platform accountability and standards for child protection remain necessary. But it is a reason to stop treating the ban itself as the finish line.
The Real Advantage India Has and Hasn't Used Here is the
specific, load-bearing point: India does not need to invent a cultural response to rapid technological disruption from scratch. It already has one, tested across centuries - the guru-shishya tradition, a relationship built not around transmitting information but around cultivating judgment, self-discipline and a sense of responsibility in a learner navigating an unfamiliar world.
No regulation can replicate what a trusted mentor relationship does: it does not block access to a hazard, it builds the internal capacity to recognise and navigate the hazard when access is inevitable - because access, in a world of VPNs, always eventually is.
What This Actually Requires This is not
nostalgia for a lost pedagogical form. It means treating digital literacy - critical thinking, ethical reasoning about what one shares and consumes, resilience against manipulation - as seriously as any other subject a young person is mentored through, by parents who are themselves digitally literate, by schools that teach judgment alongside skills and by cultural and religious institutions that engage with technology rather than retreat from it in alarm.
The cultural infrastructure has to be built with the same deliberateness as the legal infrastructure - right now, India has invested heavily in the latter (the DPDP Act's consent requirements) and almost nothing in the former.
Why the False Choice Matters
The debate as usually framed - ban versus permit - quietly assumes regulation is doing all the protective work and mentorship is a soft extra. Reverse that assumption and the picture clarifies: regulation buys time and sets minimum standards, but the actual work of preparing a young person to live safely inside an AI-saturated digital world happens in the relationship between that young person and the adults who are actually paying attention to their online life.
A country that builds only the legal barrier and neglects the human one has solved the easier half of the problem and left the harder half - the half that determines what actually happens the moment the barrier is circumvented - entirely unaddressed.
Quick Facts
Key numbers & takeaways — revise these first
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Australia passed the Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Bill in 2024, banning social media accounts for children under 16, effective December 10, 2025.
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Milinda Moragoda is a former Sri Lankan Cabinet Minister, diplomat and founder of the Pathfinder Foundation, a strategic affairs think tank incorporated in 2008.
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India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 already mandates verifiable parental consent for processing children's data.
Connect the dots for your UPSC preparation.
Standard news covers the event. Log in to read our comprehensive analysis and uncover the hidden constitutional, structural, and ethical dimensions of this topic:
The historical parallel between today's social media panic and the printing press, radio and television revolutions and what each one teaches about what actually worked
The second, genuinely different domain the full essay develops to test whether cultural mentorship can scale to an AI-driven future
The specific synthesis explaining why cultural infrastructure and legal infrastructure fail differently and must therefore be built together rather than as substitutes
The concrete answer to what an Indian "digital guru-shishya" institution would actually look like in practice
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