With reference to land reforms and migrant labour in Jammu and Kashmir, consider the following statements: 1. The Agrarian Reforms Act, 1976 pushed Jammu and Kashmir's below-poverty-line population to just above 10 percent, against a national average of about 22 percent. 2. Since August 2019, more than 20 migrant workers have been killed in targeted attacks in the Kashmir Valley. 3. The estimated four lakh non-Kashmiri workers employed in the Valley is a figure drawn from an official government census of migrant labour. How many of the above statements are correct?

Geography · 10 Aug 2026

Jammu Kashmir land reforms migrant labour

With reference to land reforms and migrant labour in Jammu and Kashmir, consider the following statements:

The Agrarian Reforms Act, 1976 pushed Jammu and Kashmir's below-poverty-line population to just above 10 percent, against a national average of about 22 percent.
Since August 2019, more than 20 migrant workers have been killed in targeted attacks in the Kashmir Valley.
The estimated four lakh non-Kashmiri workers employed in the Valley is a figure drawn from an official government census of migrant labour.

How many of the above statements are correct?

AOnly one

BOnly two

CAll three

DNone

Tests the ability to distinguish a genuine, source-backed statistic from a superficially similar but unverified estimate - a core analytical skill for evaluating government and survey-based claims in Prelims statements.

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This question is based on: The Curfew Clock and the Kiln That Never Sleeps

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About this question

Why in news

Following a fresh terror attack on brick kiln workers in Kulgam, security curfews on migrant labourers have intensified even as an estimated four lakh non-local workers continue returning to Kashmir each season, exposing a structural economic dependency rooted in 1970s land reforms.

Why for UPSC

This format tests whether aspirants can distinguish a well-sourced statistic from an unverified estimate dressed up as official data - a distinction UPSC often probes in statement-based questions involving government reports and survey figures.

Prelims summary

J&K's 1976 Agrarian Reforms Act reduced its BPL population to about 10% (vs 22% nationally), creating a labour vacuum filled by an estimated (not officially enumerated) four lakh migrant workers, over 20 of whom have been killed in targeted attacks since 2019.

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